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Sound is assumed to be a series of waves composed of compressed and rarefied air (high- and low-pressure zones) but it’s interesting to note that sound travels faster and farther through water, an essentially noncompressible medium. A 30Hz bass fundamental supposedly will create a sound wave 40 feet long (the distance between the pressure peaks) but we can easily hear a 30Hz signal in the cabin of a car that may be less than 6 feet in length.
Most transducers rely on the simple physical laws of attraction. Magnetic poles that are alike repel, and those which are unlike attract. Like electrostatic charges repel and unlike electrostatic charges attract. Speaker drivers rely on these principles to convert electrical energy (signal) into mechanical energy (sound).